From Simulators to Screens: A Critical Review of Online Distance Education in Maritime Education and Training

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has catalysed a transformative shift in the maritime training sector, driving the transition from traditional physical simulators to cloud-based solutions. This research critically examines the complexities of this transition, focusing on the fidelity of simulators, practical applications, and empirical evidence. The review traces the origins and evolution of online 
distance education (ODE), highlighting its increasing relevance in modern Education. Simulator fidelity, encompassing physical and functional accuracy, emerges as a crucial factor for effective training. Cloud-based simulators offer notable benefits, including accessibility, scalability, and costeffectiveness; however, their ability to replicate the fidelity of traditional simulators requires further 
empirical validation. Current initiatives by simulator manufacturers and quality standards organisations demonstrate a readiness to adopt cloud-based solutions, yet empirical studies reveal challenges such as prolonged exercises and engagement issues. Identified research gaps include the need for comprehensive empirical validation, longitudinal impact studies, standardisation efforts, 
and cost-benefit analyses. Recommendations for future research emphasise comparative studies, quantitative assessments, ergonomic integration, and robust feedback mechanisms. Addressing these gaps will enhance the understanding and implementation of cloud-based simulators, ultimately advancing the quality and accessibility of maritime training.